Refractory means inorganic, non-metallic and homogeneous materials which can withstand high temperatures. These are some of the materials used in refractory production: silicon oxide, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, and zirconium. Carbides, nitrides, borides and silicates also can be used to produce refractories. Refractory materials are often used in the construction of industrial furnaces. They are also used in containers holding molten metal, because of their resistance to corrosion. Glass, steel and iron industry are the main consumers of refractory materials. Iron melts at 1537 C, while nickel melts at 1454 C. Naturally, furnaces that used to melt them must be lined with refractory materials which can withstand higher temperatures.
Features of refractory materials can be listed as follows:
In this regard, the selection of refractory materials must be made according to the intended use. For example, graphite C can withstand at 3480 C. Therefore, it would be appropriate to use this material in furnaces that require a very high melting temperature. Likewise, only the acidic refractories must be used for acidic corrosion. Acidic - basic distinction is one of the most fundamental distinctions of refractory materials.
Refractory materials vary in terms of shape and intended use. Dry press and manual shaping are the two of the most frequently applied methods of production. However, according to the desired result, smelting method can be used too. Likewise, refractory materials are also used to isolate the heat. For this reason, they are used in insulation jobs too. Most refractories are used in the iron and steel industry, although the refractory materials find use in almost every sector. In fact, they are used even in rockets and fire insulation.
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